The invention of the airplane

The invention of airplane is one of the greatest achievements of the twentieth century. A source of inspiration for humans was the observation of aviators that they were made by nature, - birds.
Early attempts to fly often ended in a disaster. Pilots-dreamers tied to the hands of the self-made wings and, waving them furiously, trying to get off the ground, their desperate attempts will inevitably fail, because people had no idea that not only the work of the wings, but the actual body shape of the bird allowed its feathered bearer to connect with the sky.

An important discovery
1738 Swiss mathematician and physician Daniel Bernoulli made the first confident step on the path to heaven. He revealed that the increasing speed of fluid or gas leads to a decrease of pressure. Since air is a mixture of gases, it is also possible to apply this law. For example, as birds wing the air while driving it is split into two streams that flow over the wing and under it. Since the upper surface of the wing is curved and therefore longer than the flat inner surface of the air has to overcome a greater distance. Therefore it moves with greater speed and lose pressure faster over the wing, simultaneously increases the pressure under the wing, lifting him up. This phenomenon is called "lift".
In the nineteenth century many pioneers of Aeronautics used this principle to create a primitive gliders. Subsequently, in the 90s, the nineteenth century, Americans the Wright brothers designed the wing, which made the flight quite manageable.
If separating the wing from the body (fuselage) of the plane and look at it in the context, it appears that the shape of it resembles the put on the drop side with the flattened basis. The wide and rounded front portion ("front edge") and more flat and thin rear ("rear edge") - this form is called an aerodynamic profile. It shows the law of Bernoulli through the creation of two air streams above and below the wing.

The formation of vortex
Lift force that appears as a result of this action, increases due to the natural movement of air. Passing on a wing and rolling down to the rear edge, the air stream forms a funnel, as the water that flows through the drain hole. Such turbulence is called the "starting vortex". He, in turn, creates a "counter-swirl", which is equal in strength to start, but rotates in the opposite direction, passes under the wing and meets with the main air stream, which moves in the opposite direction. As a result, the movement of the main air stream is slowed down.
Counter vortex is formed in the front edge of the wing before merging with the main air stream, resulting in lower air flow slows down, and the top accelerates. Pressure is reduced on the wing and under the wing increases, thereby increasing the lifting force.

Takeoff!
When the first aviators understood how to achieve what was subsequently identified as "flight on a flying machine heavier than air", it became necessary to find a way of building the necessary lifting force.
The Americans Wilbur and Orville Wright solved this problem by building a small engine with extremely low weight. The engine was set in motion some propellers in the form of the aerodynamic profiles which have been installed in a vertical position at the front of the plane. The air movement created by this rotation is called thrust. Craving leads carrying power directed forward, pushing air back and forcing the plane to move forward. The Wright brothers made the first flight on a flying machine heavier than air. On December 17, 1903 in the city of kitty hawk, North Carolina their "Flyer" stayed in the air only 12 seconds, flying just 36 metres, but was lucky to demonstrate the proof-of-principle that was the basis for the future of the aircraft industry.